Free Essays on Alexander Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton began his impressive career in March of 1777 after meeting General George Washington. He joined Washington’s’ personal staff, as his personal secretary and confidential aide. Hamilton proved his loyalty to Washington on more then one occasion, but as the need for the military diminished so did Hamilton. On December 14, 1780, he married Elizabeth Schuyler and established a life with eight children. After studying law for three months in Albany he opened a law office on 57 Wall Street. He also served congress from 1782 to 1783. He also founded the bank of New York in February of 1784. During George Washington’s presidency, Hamilton became the first secretary of the Treasury. He was now responsible for establishing credit of the United States. Hamilton sometimes overstepped the limits of his office interfering with other departments. For example, a difference in opinion with Jefferson during the French Revolution. Hamilton advocated neutrality, wh ich Washington accepted and on April 22, 1793 announced that they would remain neutral during the conflict overseas. On January 31, 1795 Hamilton resigned from his position as the Secretary of Treasury and went back to his law firm in New York. On July 25, 1798 at the age of forty-three he returned to active duty in the military under the supervision of Washington. He served in the army until June 2, 1800. After Washington’s death the Federalist Party became divided between John Adams and Alexander Hamilton. After Adams became President Hamilton wrote a personal attack on the president that contained much confidential cabinet information. Although this pamphlet was only intended for private usage the pamphlet was obtained by Aaron Burr and published, Hamiltons’ political and legal rival. Hamilton had done a few things to make Burr upset with him, first he demolished burrs hopes of completing a foreign mission. He ended Burrs hopes of becoming pres... Free Essays on Alexander Hamilton Free Essays on Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton was brilliant businessman who came into the Treasury department with many ideas on how to stabilize the struggling American economy. He was a thirty-four year old native of the West Indies, who was a crucial part of President Washington's cabinet. His ideas and philosophies helped to pave th4e way for the Bank of America and the Treasury. As one of his first acts as Secretary of Treasury, Hamilton was determined to reverse the financial problems that plagued the government and country under the recently revised Articles of Confederation. His plan involved favoring the wealthier members of society, who would in turn give money and moral support to the government. The government would then prosper and the benefits would be reaped by all. Hamilton was also dead set on sustaining the national credit. He needed the support of the masses in order to advance his economic plans. His plan of action in this case was "funding at par," which involved the federal government paying off its debts at face value, plus accumulated interest, which came to a total of fifty-four million dollars, a very substantial amount of money at that time. While still backing his national debt plans, Hamilton also suggested that Congress pay the debts of the individual states, equaling some twenty-one million dollars. This idea of "assumption" was believed by Hamilton to be an obligation of Congress because the debts occurred during the country's fight for independence. Hamilton also believed that paying off the State's debts would create more unity in among the States. With the government trying to pay both national, and local state debts, they shortly fell into a seventy-five million dollar overall debt. Hamilton did not see this as a problem, but more of an advantage to the growing American economy. His philosophy was that the more countries that America owed money, the more people who h... Free Essays on Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton began his impressive career in March of 1777 after meeting General George Washington. He joined Washington’s’ personal staff, as his personal secretary and confidential aide. Hamilton proved his loyalty to Washington on more then one occasion, but as the need for the military diminished so did Hamilton. On December 14, 1780, he married Elizabeth Schuyler and established a life with eight children. After studying law for three months in Albany he opened a law office on 57 Wall Street. He also served congress from 1782 to 1783. He also founded the bank of New York in February of 1784. During George Washington’s presidency, Hamilton became the first secretary of the Treasury. He was now responsible for establishing credit of the United States. Hamilton sometimes overstepped the limits of his office interfering with other departments. For example, a difference in opinion with Jefferson during the French Revolution. Hamilton advocated neutrality, w hich Washington accepted and on April 22, 1793 announced that they would remain neutral during the conflict overseas. On January 31, 1795 Hamilton resigned from his position as the Secretary of Treasury and went back to his law firm in New York. On July 25, 1798 at the age of forty-three he returned to active duty in the military under the supervision of Washington. He served in the army until June 2, 1800. After Washington’s death the Federalist Party became divided between John Adams and Alexander Hamilton. After Adams became President Hamilton wrote a personal attack on the president that contained much confidential cabinet information. Although this pamphlet was only intended for private usage the pamphlet was obtained by Aaron Burr and published, Hamiltons’ political and legal rival. Hamilton had done a few things to make Burr upset with him, first he demolished burrs hopes of completing a foreign mission. He ended Burrs hopes of becoming pres...

Top 10 most stressful jobs of 2018

Top 10 most stressful jobs of 2018 All jobs have components that make them stressful- even the ones that don’t seem like very high-stakes occupations. Certain scenarios or times of the year come up and it’s a mad sprint requiring late nights and all hands on deck. Then there are the jobs that just don’t seem to ever let up. Here 10 of the most stressful jobs out there for 2018- based on deadline demands, public scrutiny, required travel, physical risk, physical demands, environmental conditions, hazards, and public interaction. See if any of them call out to you- maybe you crave a life of pressure! Or†¦ maybe a career in a cubicle sounds just lovely to you. It takes all kinds to make up the workforce!1. Enlisted military personnelWith an average salary of $30k, constantly putting your life at risk, all over the world, makes the military one of the most stressful careers out there.2. FirefighterYour job is starting to look pretty cushy, when you consider that for less than $50k a year, on aver age, some people have to run into burning buildings on the regular. And you thought that big project was really making you stressed!3. Airline pilotWith a median income of just about $105K per year, airline pilots are well compensated for the stress of ferrying hundreds upon hundreds of souls around the globe.4. Police officerMaking about $60K per year, just a bit more than a firefighter based on median income, police officers are also under a great deal of stress and risk their lives on a daily basis.5. Event coordinatorEvent coordinators may not risk their  lives or limbs, but they are still the people  left holding the bag when anything- major or minor- goes wrong. If the hors d’oeuvres come out five minutes late- or early- or if the band has the wrong cord to connect their amp, or if there is a typo in the invitations†¦ You name it, they  bear the brunt of the yelling. These aren’t life threatening stakes, but the stress is almost always at a high.6. PR execPublic relations executives are responsible for the reputations and the fame-level of their clients. They don’t just have to manage logistics, they have to manage perception and public opinion. And that takes a lot of nail biting. Especially when their clients do something that requires the putting out of fires (albeit, of course, not literal fires).7. Senior corporate execIf you’ve made it to the top of your company tree, it’s not all big bonuses and stock options. With every rung up the ladder comes a great deal more pressure. And with pressure comes†¦ you guessed it, stress.8. BroadcasterFor a surprisingly low annual median salary of less than $40k per year, a broadcaster is required to clearly and calmly read the news from a teleprompter often riddled with typos. She must be poised and in control at all times, as all of   the action unfolds live. You think public speaking is hard? Try doing it every day on television.9. Newspaper reporterYou wonâ €™t make a lot of money, and you’ll have to run headlong into potentially dangerous or volatile situations to get a story. And once you get it, you have to race to get it published first. On top of that, if you make one mistake you’ll have lost your reputation.10. Taxi driverThis gig is perhaps the least well-paid of the top 10, with a median pay of $24K per year. Taxi drivers have to deal with rude people, drunk people, and people in a rush- not to mention other lunatic drivers, rush hour traffic, accidents, and weather. Plus they’re stuck in a car. Imagine trying to find a parking space in NYC every time you had to pee! It’s also a field that is getting extra pressure from rideshare companies like Uber and Lyft, so being a taxi driver is more stressful than ever these days.

Investigation in how inequality of promotions affects employee Dissertation

Investigation in how inequality of promotions affects employee attitude and their effect on businesses Glass Ceiling effect - Dissertation Example Since historical times, women and minorities continue to lag behind in career advancement as their male counterparts take almost all management and chief executive jobs. Despite the fact that the population of women and men in the world do not vary much, this trend is not replicated at the workplace, where top echelons seem to be a preserve for men. The artificial barriers that are placed in the path of women and minorities so that they do not climb the corporate ladder is generally referred to as the glass ceiling effect. This paper explores the concept of the glass ceiling effect with regards to its implications on employee attitude, pay gap, rewards, job satisfaction and performance. Importantly, the effects of the glass ceiling on the overall performance and operations of business are explored. In the end, several recommendations have been outlined. Examples of these recommendations are training and education for improved skills, knowledge, competencies and potentials and awarene ss about and fighting for one’s values and rights. The paper aims to advise policymakers, government and professional agencies, theorists, researchers and individual employees on the implications of the glass ceiling effect and how it may be addressed. Table of Content 1. Introduction 2. Methodology 3. Literature review 4. Findings 5. Discussion/Analysis and implications 6. Recommendations 7. Conclusions 8. References 9. Appendix Introduction In modern day workplace, minority groups continue to suffer institutionalized as well as other forms of discrimination in their daily work life. The most common ways in which work place discrimination manifests is via human resources related activities such as task assignment, deployment, transfers, job description and evaluation and promotions among others (Baker et al., 1995). However, promotion discrimination ranks among the most widespread forms of discrimination at the work place. Consequently, vulnerable and minority groups such as women, the disabled and minority ethnic and racial groups are largely underrepresented at the top echelons of employment (Tomaskovic-Devey, 2003). This scenario prevails despite the huge strides made in the last three decades to reverses the trend in which women and people from minority races and ethnicities are discriminated in job promotion (Lehmann & Lang, 2010). This apparently widespread discrimination calls for further researches into its causes, effects and the interventions by which it could be effectively, efficiently and permanently reversed (Francine & Kahn, 1996). It is for this reason that this research has been proposed and designed; to unearth the effects of inequality in promotion, otherwise referred to as ‘the glass ceiling effect’, on employee attitudes and business as a whole entity (Ghosh & Waldman, 2010). Because of the social, economic, cultural and health implications of this discriminatory trend on businesses as well as individual employees, thi s papercovers the socioeconomic and cultural effects of the glass ceiling effect on individuals and businesses. The importance of this paper lies in the fact that it would be really effective if a business owner understood the detrimental effects of glass ceiling not only on his or her workers but also on the business performance. Hence, from the highlighted effects, a business owner and manager would be best placed to implement strategies and practices that would promote fairness and

Violent Employees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Violent Employees - Essay Example manifestation of severe stress, history of violence and criminal records, poor personal relationship, tendency to stay aloof, inconsistent productivity, swift personality change and poor personal hygiene. Identifying violence indicators in an employee is a step distinct from finding a lasting solution to the looming danger. After identifying a potentially violent employee, I would summon him or her to my office to investigate the issue that nags him or to discuss the behaviour manifestation that does not go well with the organisation. I would then clearly communicate anti-violence policy of the organisation to him or her and let him or her know the repercussions of such behaviour. I would make the talk as friendly as possible so as to gauge whether the employee can be helped or if there is need to part ways with him. In doing this, I would call for the opinion of other managers. If the employee promises to change, I would establish crisis management team to monitor and coach the employee, after which he or she would be dismissed if no change is observed after a given

Pit Bulls Essay Example for Free

Pit Bulls Essay American societies famous bully breeds is too often stereotyped as malicious animals, but that stereotype is false due to evidence that pit bulls can be just as loving as the iconic golden retriever. According to the American Temperament Test, which is a test that focuses on and measures different aspects of temperament such as stability, shyness, aggressiveness, friendliness and self-preservation in the face of a threat shows that Pit Bulls have a temperament of 86.8%, (American Temperament Test Society) a much higher percentage than other breeds which justifies that these animals can withstand a higher tolerance of aggressiveness. If this is the case, why are Pit Bulls one of the most discriminated dog breeds in today’s society? Due to irresponsible owners, Pit Bulls have been labeled cruel and violent animals, leading people to be frightened for themselves, their children, and their pets. By experience and owning a pit bull for oneself, people would begin to understand something entirely different. Pit Bulls are a misunderstood breed; they are one of the most loving and loyal breeds that deserves a fair chance just like any other dog would, but because of irresponsible owners, and their negligence toward teaching their pit bulls the right mannerisms this may never happen. The reputation of the Pit Bull has taken a dramatic downfall in the past few decades due to negative publicity. Originally, Pit Bulls were considered to be   Ã¢â‚¬Å"American darlings†; during WWI they were claimed to be the sweetest and most loving dogs a person could own, but in the 1980’s the view of the â€Å"American darlings† changed due to an illegal â€Å"sport†, dogfighting. Although dogfighting is illegal in all fifty states, inhumane persons who participate in the sport choose pit bulls because of their strong physique and loyal personality, which contribute to the stereotype of all pit bulls being violent due to the public only viewing them as fighters. A famous example of this is the widely known scandal around NFL player Michael Vick, who was convicted of running Pit bull fighting kennels in Smithfield, VA. The outcome of this case brought on more discrimination toward Pit bulls in general. Although Pit Bulls were viewed badly, people still used them as the preferred guard dog not only for the bad as in drug houses and gang members, but also as one would get any dog, to use them as protection for their property. In 1987 an incident regarding a Pit Bull and a two-year-old sent red flags up for this prestigious breed. A pit bull that was under the care of an irresponsible owner had the dog guarding an illegal marijuana crop, in California, when a two-year-old boy who was unsupervised was wandering around and fell victim to the pit bull. This attack was immediately publicized because of the pit bull being involved as the main concern, which made the reputation of Pit Bulls sink even lower. People began to think that Pit Bulls were heartless killers, due to the mis-training of their owners. The public was misinformed; they did not know that the child was wandering around unsupervised in an enclosed area. This situation would create a threat to any guard dog, not just a Pit Bull, and the outcome would have been the same. Because of that horrible mistake, the Pit Bull was killed. In a situation like this, it is in no way the Pit Bull’s fault; he was merely doing his job. Rather, it is the owner’s fault for not clearly training him and the parent’s fault for being careless with their child. This was brought to the courts attention and soon thoughts of a ban against Pit bulls were raised. The public was outraged by this attack and proposed a ban on Pit bulls. This ban was granted throughout 39 or more cities and states without the consent of any animal professionals or the owners of this breed. These bans lead to the death of many innocent Pit Bulls in many areas. Many Cities reportedly spent over two hundred and fifty thousand dollars in rounding up and killing these animals. Devastated owners had their animals confiscated and killed without warning. In Tijeras, New Mexico, the ban was so strictly enforced that animal control officers were allowed to kill any Pit Bull seen on sight without compensation to the owner. Due to their misunderstood reputation, people made rash decisions that affected the lives of many loving Pit Bulls that never stood a chance. They have even become a â€Å"liability† due to their â€Å"overly violent† personalities and because of this have been banned from many areas in the United States. One thing that frightens people the most is a Pit Bulls jaw. While they do have one of the strongest jaws, it is not the strongest. Dr. I. Lerh Brisbin, of the University of Georgia, states, â€Å"The few studies, which have been conducted of the structure of the skulls, mandibles and teeth of Pit Bulls show, that, in proportion to their size, their jaw structure and thus its inferred functional morphology, is no different than that of any [other] breed of dog. There is absolutely not evidence for the existence of any kind of locking mechanism unique to the structure of the jaw and/or teeth of the American Pit Bull Terrier. † There is no evidence to prove that Pit Bulls have unique jaws or any lethal â€Å"lockjaw†. The â€Å"lockjaw† method is learned through training, it is not a special killing tool, and once again the owner creates this issue for the breed. Pit Bulls are not the only kind of dog to be able to do this; most breeds can. The difference is people are already scared of Pit Bulls, so they continue to publicize it much more than the other breeds. Christina Berry, writer for The Lazy Pit Bull states, â€Å"Pit Bulls are the most discriminated dog in the US. This is in part because there are so many myths surrounding them, which makes some people believe theyre not suitable for adoption. This is not true. A rescued Pit Bull can make a wonderful companion. † Once people realize this, then Pit Bull adoption rates will rise and they can be put into good homes. These animals need someone that will take care of them and love them. That is all that is required for a happy dog and no accidents will be encountered. If these animals were provided the rights training and proper care than there would not be any worry about owning one of these animals. There are many precautions that have to be taken when owning these animals. Such as; proper housing and fencing, this contributes to a safe environment where these animals can roam and live without the disturbance of others. Also a calm and secluded area where no one can be around or taunt the animal in its own territory. When these animals are out in the public they should be constantly under supervision, this will allow you to know what the animal is doing at all time and give the proper amount of time to react if the Pit Bull feels threatened. Throughout the awful times many people continue to stand by Pit Bulls, these people are the ones that have experienced owning this loving creature and understand that the bad reputation Pit Bulls have is merely a misconception. I believe that Pit Bulls are the greatest breed a family could have. I have had fourteen Pit Bulls and each one was very special to me. They are very playful, confident, strong, humorous, loving, but most of all loyal. They will do anything for their owners. They are just like any other dog, but unfortunately they are not seen the same. Not one of my Pit Bulls ever harmed or attacked any other animal or human. They continuously proved themselves to being the sweetest animals that many have had the great fortune to meet. What normal, other dogs can do, like jump on somebody or behave like a dog, a Pit Bull can do that and be deemed dangerous, (Kingsbury) Unless people start taking the time to get to know the extraordinary breed that Pit Bulls are, they will never be able to understand their true personality or help them. Pit Bulls need to stop being looked at as monsters and killing machines, they are just like any other dog. They are loving, trusting, loyal, and fun. Pit Bulls are a wonderful versatile breed and are used for many different purposes; Fighting is not the only thing they excel at. They are a breed always focused and determined to please its owner, thus if we start using them for the right purposes these dogs make wonderful therapy, guide, rescue, service, weight pulling, but most of all companion dogs. â€Å"Pit Bulls love people. Although this breed frequently gets a bad rap in the media, if you have ever met a Pit Bull that was raised by a loving, conscientious family then you will understand how much they like to be with people.   All they need is the right kind of guidance, and owner. Pit Bulls are just like any other pet that one takes into their home, these dogs are wrongly named and deceived for the acts they are trained by their owners to do. JRL Solutions states, â€Å"It is in actuality the humans who continue to make a series of hasty or ignorant mistakes that are helping to perpetuate the bad reputation this breed has gained over the last decade. † If a law should pass against these dogs, it should be the law to mandate the right methods of training. To punish these dogs and classify them as malicious or dangerous is a hypocritical judgment as any dog, small, medium, or large could be classified into these categories. After much research and experience as I have had my fair share in taking responsibility and care of this precious breed, it is safe to say that society should rethink their opinions and misconceptions of these dogs. It is proven that they were the â€Å"American darlings† of our time, they have the tolerance to withstand aggressiveness, and they are one of the most loyal companions any man could ask for.

Design & Architecture in Britain Essay -- Architecture in the UK

One of the essential roles that architects are trained to fulfil is taking a clients brief and developing it creatively. Developing a brief is a crucial starting point of design to achieving a clear objective, well structured and financed plan of work. When architects are involved early in the planning stage they have an opportunity to create a much more enriched brief as they will have a greater understanding of the clients needs and the nature of the project Setting out a development/design brief: Before any design work is undertaken it is important that a development/design brief is in place. A good design brief provides a platform for buildings to be used; -More Efficiently – so that space can be utilised in the best approach possible with minimum wasted space. -Effectively – in a way that allows the building to be socially sustainable. -Expressively – within the built environment to the value of society. -With Purpose –giving the building’s function and placement significant, accessible and prosperous. Good briefing provides all involved professionals with a greater understanding of the desired outcomes and the responsibilities towards achieving those. Briefing – A six step process 1. Scope Definition of breadth, focus, scope and parameters of the briefing project 2. Role Statement describing what the user organisation (public, community, city authority, etc.) is for 3. Activities -Activity statement is a description of what will go on in the building 4. Draft requirements Includes a space budget listing functional requirements, also spatial... ... Process’,Dawe.L.2014 Part B: Lecture 4 - ‘Practice Management’,Dawe.L.2014 Lecture 5 - ‘An introduction to BIM’- Past Present and future, Comiskey.D.2014 Lecture 6 - ‘Plan of Work 2013’,Dawe.L.2014 Lecture 7 - ‘Procurement&Construction process’,Dawe.L.2014 Books Greenhalgh, B (2011). Introduction to Building Procurement. London: Spon Press Ostime, N (2013). Architects Job Book. London: RIBA Publishing. Websites RIBA. RIBA Plan of Work 2013. Available: http://www.architecture.com/TheRIBA/AboutUs/Professionalsupport/RIBAOutlinePlanofWork2013.aspx#.Uz5Cm_ldUgQ. Last accessed 2nd April 2014. placeni. Summer Urban design school. Available: http://www.placeni.org/. Last accessed 2nd April 2014 The Joint Contracts Tribunal. (1998). Contracts. Available: http://www.jctltd.co.uk/home.aspx. Last accessed 2nd April 2014. Design & Architecture in Britain Essay -- Architecture in the UK One of the essential roles that architects are trained to fulfil is taking a clients brief and developing it creatively. Developing a brief is a crucial starting point of design to achieving a clear objective, well structured and financed plan of work. When architects are involved early in the planning stage they have an opportunity to create a much more enriched brief as they will have a greater understanding of the clients needs and the nature of the project Setting out a development/design brief: Before any design work is undertaken it is important that a development/design brief is in place. A good design brief provides a platform for buildings to be used; -More Efficiently – so that space can be utilised in the best approach possible with minimum wasted space. -Effectively – in a way that allows the building to be socially sustainable. -Expressively – within the built environment to the value of society. -With Purpose –giving the building’s function and placement significant, accessible and prosperous. Good briefing provides all involved professionals with a greater understanding of the desired outcomes and the responsibilities towards achieving those. Briefing – A six step process 1. Scope Definition of breadth, focus, scope and parameters of the briefing project 2. Role Statement describing what the user organisation (public, community, city authority, etc.) is for 3. Activities -Activity statement is a description of what will go on in the building 4. Draft requirements Includes a space budget listing functional requirements, also spatial... ... Process’,Dawe.L.2014 Part B: Lecture 4 - ‘Practice Management’,Dawe.L.2014 Lecture 5 - ‘An introduction to BIM’- Past Present and future, Comiskey.D.2014 Lecture 6 - ‘Plan of Work 2013’,Dawe.L.2014 Lecture 7 - ‘Procurement&Construction process’,Dawe.L.2014 Books Greenhalgh, B (2011). Introduction to Building Procurement. London: Spon Press Ostime, N (2013). Architects Job Book. London: RIBA Publishing. Websites RIBA. RIBA Plan of Work 2013. Available: http://www.architecture.com/TheRIBA/AboutUs/Professionalsupport/RIBAOutlinePlanofWork2013.aspx#.Uz5Cm_ldUgQ. Last accessed 2nd April 2014. placeni. Summer Urban design school. Available: http://www.placeni.org/. Last accessed 2nd April 2014 The Joint Contracts Tribunal. (1998). Contracts. Available: http://www.jctltd.co.uk/home.aspx. Last accessed 2nd April 2014.

Macy’s Department Store Repositioning Essay

Executive Summary As the global recession happened, the traditional department stores were experiencing consistently declining sales and market share. Also, the traditional department stores industry is between mature and decline stage of life cycle. Macy’s changed parts of their strategy and consolidation that focuses on localizing management, strengthening supplier relationships and providing products and customer service based on local consumer preferences. However, the consolidation was not with problems. With dealing these problems Macy’s changed parts of the strategy as following: * Continuing to adjust its portfolio of store. * Focusing on Fashion. * Continuing to develop and debut Macy’s private labels in bedding, outwears etc. * Increasing national advertising with emphasis on fashion and service. Statement of the problem/opportunity/and objectives The tradition department stores were one of the areas hit by the recession. While some companies dropped previously supported causes and programs, Macy’s got more profit and market share through repositioning strategy and consolidation, even with the rough economic times. Analysis of the situation External and internal Macy’s is a kind of traditional department store, and consolidation in 2005, at that time the economy is quite good. In 2008, the broad environment is not good; the economy of U.S. entered a recession. The sales of Macy’s are decreased. Also, in 2011, the price of gasoline and cotton were increased. This increased the cost of Macy’s. So the profit and market share of Macy’s reduced. As the department stores industry was attracting fewer and fewer consumers, Macy’s entered into the declining industry life cycle model. The recession and the declining industry life cycle model are both negatively affect the success of Macy’s. Although the external factors are not good, the internal factors are very good for Macy’s. One such factor was Macy’s has the national recognition. Another positive factor is Macy’s is really strong. It has 810 stores across the United States. Thirdly, Macy’s has the experience management. Macy’s was founded between 1843 and 1855 in downtown Haverhill, Massachusetts. Department stores created for â€Å"one-stop shopping†, Moreover, they had specific experience in converting regional brands to the Macy’s brand. A fourth factor contributing to the successful consolidation was that Macy’s made their stores on prime locations. These internal factors are positive for the success of Macy’s. Porter’s five –forces model Porter’s five –forces model describes the competitive environment in terms of five basic competitive forces: 1. The threat of new entrants. Macy’s had more competitors because more and more self-made fashion lines join to the market to get the market shares, such as H&M, Forever 21. Self-made fashion brands remodeled for more pleasant shopping experience. It is the threat for Macy’s. Also, the developed national stores have the lower cost and overcome quality and service same as Macy’s, it cause the competition. 2. The bargaining power of buyers. Buyers threaten an industry by forcing down price, bargaining for higher quality or more service, and playing competitors against each other. Macy’s has lower cost but because of the bad economic, the customers have little bargaining power. Secondly, Macy’s already had everyday value. They give lower price means they will get lower profit. Low profit creates incentives to lower purchasing costs. However, highly profitable buyers are generally less price sensitive. 3. The bargaining power of suppliers. Supplier power refers to the ability of providers of inputs to determine the price and terms of supply. Suppliers can exert power over firms industry by raising prices or reducing the quality of purchased goods and services, so reducing profitability. After Macy’s consolidation, Macy’s bought mass amounts from same buyers and Macy’s have strong relationship with these buyers. The bargaining power of suppliers is really high. 4. The threat of substitute products and services. All firms and industry compete with other industries offering substitute products or services. The threat of substitute products and services was the major concern, particularly with discounters such as Target offering similar products, and large chain that specialized in clothes such as H&M. 5. The intensity of the rivalry among competitors in an industry Rivalry refers to the degree to which firms respond to competitive moves of the other firms in the industry. Macy’s repositioned its industry segment to the upper middle level. Macy’s decided to change the strategy, they will be more fashionable and fashion at lower price. Also Macy’s change the brand to focus in attracting customers interested in fashion rather than customers in a specific demographic. Unique and a sustainable competitive advantage Macy’s repositioned itself as an upper-middle level store is easily imitable. Other department stores also can position as the same level. But Macy’s attempt to become â€Å"America’s department store† is something that other, small department stores cannot imitate. Also, Macy’s focus on less traditional and conservative than other department stores is a flawed value proposition, but it is not a bad one. Because of some of the consumers may like the traditional Macy’s. Consolidating brands to allow for lower prices is a good way to cut cost and to be unique. Identification and evaluation of alternatives Macy’s consolidation and repositioning strategy is really good and Macy’s did the best decisions. Because as the external environment is bad but Macy’s use itself internal advantage to consolidate and reposition to gain back the market share and profit. Consolidation and repositioning strategy help Macy’s get more brand power, prime location and improved consumer experience. Additional Macy’s got consumers focus on the affordable fashion. However, it also came with some problems such as uncertain industry conditions, excess costs and emphasis on standardization. Macy’s Future As Macy’s pursued an aggressive strategy in 2011, Macy’s was doing well. Almost everybody knows the everyday value of Macy’s and Macy’s afford the â€Å"America department store†. But department stores industry is in declining and competition is growing rapidly. Macy’s has recently instituted the strategy to compete in a tough market. So Macy’s is doing well and have huge advantage, but maybe other department stores will catch up and overcome in following years. Macy’s may change strategy when economy, competition change.

Music Affects Mood Essay

Music is any form of sound in a synchronized pattern that affects the brainwaves. Together with many instruments, an emotional harmony is created that can single-handedly manipulate human emotion. When music manipulates emotion to an extreme degree, the practice can become an addiction. There are many causes for being a music addict. It provides an artificial sanctuary, bringing out the emotion that a person is feeling. Music is limitless; there is no end to its boundaries. Music affects how you feel, react, and learn. I can be in the best of moods, then listen to a sad song and start to feel depressed. You listen to something more upbeat your mood will lighten, and you become happier. Music’s ability to â€Å"heal the soul† is the stuff of legend in every culture. Many people find that music lifts their spirits. Modern research tends to confirm music’s psychotherapeutic benefits. Bright, cheerful music (e.g. Mozart, Vivaldi, bluegrass, Klezmer, Salsa, reggae) is the most obvious prescription for the blues. Animals are similar. You play rock and roll and they usually run out of the room, at least mine do. But if you put on some jazz or especially classical, they lie down and close their eyes. It is soothing and calming. Jazz, blues, soul or calypso music can uplift and inspire us, releasing deep joy or even deep sadness, conveying wit and affirming our common humanity. People will also recognize happy faces if they are feeling happy themselves. A new study by researcher Jacob Jolij and student Maaike Meurs of the Psychology Department of the University of Groningen shows that music has an even more dramatic effect on perception: even if there is nothing to see, people sometimes still see happy faces when they are listening to happy music and sad faces when they are listening to sad music. Pretty interesting, but this notion really makes sense. The power of music to affect memory is quite intriguing. Mozart’s music and baroque music, with a 60 beats per minute beat pattern, activates the left and right brain. The simultaneous left and right brain action maximizes learning and re tention of information. The information being studied activates the left brain while the music activates the right brain. Also, activities which engage both sides of the brain at the same time, such as playing an instrument or singing, cause the brain to be more capable of processing information. Classical music, such as Haydn and Mozart, often improves concentration and memory when played in the background. When I am studying or writing, I want just soft back ground music. Because when I’m listening to upbeat hip-hop or lyrical music, I tend to concentrate on the words more than my studies or book. Also if I’m writing and I’m listening to a lyrical song I tend to write the words in the songs other than what I need to be writing, without thinking about it! I have seen moms in movies put headphones around their tummy when they are pregnant and play classical music such as Mozart because they wanted their children to grow up being smart. Clinical researchers at the U.C.L.A School of Nursing in Los Angeles, and at Georgia Baptist Medical Center in Atlanta, found that premature babies gained weight faster and were able to use oxygen more efficiently when they listened to soothing music. Some rhythms, such as Baroque, induce enzymes in the brain and add amazing well being and focus. Slower Baroque music, such as Bach, Handel, Vivaldi or Corelli, can create mentally stimulating environments for creativity and new innovations. I hear people complaining about baroque and classical music being boring, but if that kind of music was never around, then the music we have now would not exist. So I appreciate it, and I agree with the fact it helps people study and feel more creative. Romantic music, such as Schubert, Schumann, Tchaikovsky, Chopin and Liszt, enhances our senses and increases a sense of sympathy and love. Liszt was a ladies’ man, and piano master. Some consider his music vulgar and bombastic; others revel in its extroverted romantic rhetoric. Chopin’s pieces were elegant and peaceful. He composed a lot of nocturnal and waltz’s. Chopin, at the age of 10 he was often summoned to play for the Grand Duke Constantine, governor of Poland. The Duke had recurring seizures of madness which could seemingly be controlled only by Chopin’s music. When the little boy played, the seizures abated and the governor could resume his normal activities, only to send for Chopin again when the musical medicine wore off. The Schumann’s were a couple who wrote music together. But before they married Mr. Schumann composed a song about the little girl he taught and would later marry, Chiarina. His wife wrote too, but she preferred to perform. Their love story is sweet and so is their music. This is the reason why this time period was called Romantic, music and musicians were more free and felt love. Rock music, from Elvis Presley to the Rolling Stones, stirs passion and activity, and so can release daily tensions. Rock can also mask pain and cover up unpleasant noises. It also has the power to create dissonance, stress or physical pain if we are not in the mood for energizing. Keep in mind that listening to too much pop and hard rock music can make a person more jittery than energized. I know that a lot of guys like to listen it in the workout room to get pumped up. But those who worked out while listening to Vivaldi scored higher in a test of cognitive function. I like a little bit of rock, as it definitely opened the doors for different music to come through. Heavy metal and hip-hop music excites our nervous system, and sometimes leads us into acting out dynamic behavior and self-expression.. I understand you may not want to listen to happy-go-lucky music when you are upset, but why would you listen to something so heavy that it makes you want to bang ones head on something. The words in metal and hip-hop are words we want to say but don’t have the courage to. So we just listen and close our eyes, and it is our song for three minutes because the singers understand. It’s very pumped up and ready to fire off. Hip-hop is dance-able and heavy metal is someone just screaming or yelling for you when you want to. Country music is similar in that it features messages with which listening can identify. A lot of couples use country songs as â€Å"our song†. It has evolved over the years and women have a bigger role in this than any other genre. I have compared some old country music to the newer releases. Now performers sing about more than a truck, drinking, dogs, and a girl. But most country music does have a girl mentioned somewhere. Perhaps that’s the southern way of being romantic, strumming a guitar and singing about one’s lady. But then I have heard that is one of the genres that don’t promote happy feelings. In fact, supposedly country music has been linked to depression and suicide. Suicide rates for Cauca sian Americans living in metropolitan areas are higher in those cities where more country music is played on the radio. If you find yourself feeling down and depressed, country music is definitely not the music you want to be listening to. I don’t know if I agree with that, I just think that country is mostly just good southern music. I don’t listen to it all the time, but occasionally I like the sound and feeling down to earth, unless I just happen to be picking the better songs. I try to pick song without bad language or vulgar meaning. There are better things out there than that. Listening to music with vulgar meaning or language affects how we react and what we think about. Amy Winehouse wrote about drugs, drinking and rehab. Then later she died due to those causes. Was her personal life influenced by being awarded for singing about it? Somewhat unsettling in my opinion. Rap artists use such vulgar language and degrade women why do we listen to it or put up with it. It makes us women look like a piece of meat: Young adults, both male and female, who listen to rap music, are generally more accepting of violence towards women. Rap songs are more known to promote angry feelings than any other. However, there are numerous people who state that rap music makes them feel more relaxed. Others feel more energetic and happy because a lot of rap music promotes dancing and movement. This genre is just one of the examples of music with diverse results. Rap is not music, as it lacks any musical parts. It is rhyming over a beat that the rapper did not usually originally create. And if Mozart heard it, I think he would have a stern talking to that person. But enough of rap, let get into something everyone can associate music with. Music plays a huge part in movies also. When directors want a certain emotion coming out of that scene, they get someone to compose a song. As both music and film sequences are structured in time according to the viewers’ perception, there is a strong link between the two when played together. A viewer has two perceptual modes whilst watching film and listening to music, real time or ontological applies to where the viewer/listener perceives each note or movement, and psychological time in which the composition/film is perceived more subjectively and the viewer takes what they see/hear as a whole. Like â€Å"Jaws,† when the shark shows up, it plays that classic song that everyone can quote. It puts you on the edge of your seat because you know something will happen. I just got done watching â€Å"Parent Trap,† starring Lindsay Lohan, for the millionth time. In the movie when the mom hugs her other daughter for the first time in eleven years, the music gets higher and just more flowing and elegant. It made me cry, but when I muted it, it just like watching a moving scene. Not readily really feeling anything, you had to try to base your feeling on the actor’s facial expressions. To summon up here is an overall look on people opinions. I found a really neat survey that people all over the world took. Here is each question and the highest chosen answer for each. How does classical music affect your mood? 69 people answered this question and 45 said relaxed. How does rock/metal music affect your mood? 83 people answered and 25 people said both angry and happy and coming in close behind 23 said anxious. How does jazz affect your mood? 72 people answered and 35 said relaxed. How does hip-hop music affect your mood? 68 people answered and 24 said happy and coming in close behind 21 said anxious. How does country music affect your mood? This was a really close one. 75 people answered. 8 people said anxious, 15 people said angry, 16 people said relaxed, and then 18 people tied between depressed and happy. It’s really a powerful drug. Music can POISON you, lift your spirits, or MAKE YOU SICK without knowing why. Music is used everywhere to condition the human mind. It can be just as powerful as a drug and much more dangerous, because nobody takes musical manipulation very seriously. There is just so much to say about different genres and how they can affect people. No music is neutral. All of it affects your brain and emotions, as well as physical and spiritual being. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. â€Å"Addiction to Music†, November 13, 2008, http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/20776.html, (accessed March 26, 2012) [ 2 ]. â€Å"How Music Affects Us and Promotes Our Health,† 2011, http://www.emedexpert.com/tips/music.shtml, (accessed March 8, 2012) [ 3 ]. Dr. Ellen Weber, â€Å"The Brain On Music, November 14, 2008, http://www.brainleadersandlearners.com/multiple-intelligences/musical/the-brain-on-music/, (accessed March 8, 2012) [ 4 ]. University of Groningen, â€Å"Research Show Music Changes Perception,† April 27, 2011, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110427101606.htm, (accessed March 7, 2012) [ 5 ]. â€Å"How Music Affects Us and Promotes Our Health,† 2011, http://www.emedexpert.com/tips/music.shtml, (accessed March 7, 2012) [ 6 ]. Dr. Ellen Weber, â€Å"The Brain On Music,† November 14, 2008,

How to Draw Contour Line Art 4 Key Steps

How to Draw Contour Line Art 4 Key Steps SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you heard about contour line art but aren’t sure what it is? The good news is that you’ve likely already made dozens, maybe even hundreds, of contour line drawings throughout your life without realizing it! Contour drawing is one of the easiest and most effective ways to improve your hand-eye coordination and drawing skills. In this guide, we explain what contour lines in art are and how you make contour line art. We also suggest different contour drawing exercises so you can keep improving your skills. What Is Contour Line Drawing? Contour line art is a method of drawing where you draw only the outline of an object, without any shading. â€Å"Contour† actually means â€Å"outline† in French, which is where the name comes from. For example, if you wanted to do a contour line drawing of a pear, you’d simply draw the outline of the pear, add a stem, and stop there. Some contour drawings will include outlines of important interior shapes (such as wrinkles in cloth or objects on a bookshelf), but contour drawings will never contain shading or minute details. Because you’re focusing on just the shape of an object and not any minor details, contour line art is a great drawing method for beginning artists as well as those looking for some quick drawing exercises. Children, as well as people without a lot of experience drawing, typically make contour line drawings without realizing it, simply because this method is one of the easiest and quickest ways to begin drawing. However, just because contour line art is easy to start doesn’t mean it’s only meant for beginner artists or those who don’t have the skills to do more detailed drawings. Contour line art has many uses, even for highly-experienced artists. Many artists will begin a project with a contour line drawing to get a quick sense of the piece’s composition, then they’ll later go back and add more details. Contour line art is also a good way to become more skilled at replicating the outline of an object and developing hand-eye coordination (which we’ll explain more about in the next section). If you can’t create strong and accurate outlines of an object, the piece will still look unfinished or slightly â€Å"off† even if you add in lots of details and embellishments. Professional artists have used contour art for centuries. Cartoonists often use contour art in their finished pieces, the ancient Greeks used it when decorating vases, and da Vinci frequently made contour line drawings when doing figure studies. It’s an essential skill that every artist should know and practice regularly. The image on the left is an example of contour line art. The image on the right is NOT because it includes shading. How to Draw Contour Lines in Art In order to get the most from your contour line drawing practice, follow these four steps when making contour art. Step 1: Choose What You’ll Draw and Gather Materials For your first contour drawing, we recommend choosing just one object to draw, as this will be easier to focus on than several objects. Put the object or place your seat in a spot where you have a clear view of the object. For materials, you’ll need a drawing tool (pencil or charcoal is most common), and paper or a sketchpad. If you’re using loose paper, you may want to tape it to something so it doesn’t move around while you’re drawing. Now you’re ready to begin! Step 2: Look at the Object It may surprise you to learn that, when you’re drawing contour lines, you want to spend most of your time looking at the object itself, not at your sketchpad. This can be really difficult when you first start doing it, but that’s the point! Contour drawing forces you to really notice and work to replicate the outline of an object. It trains your hand to follow what your eye sees. Start by spending about half your time looking at the object and half your time looking at your paper, and gradually work your way up to looking at the object 90% of the time. This will feel strange initially, and your first drawings will probably look a little wonky, but just keep practicing! As you develop your hand-eye coordination, it’ll feel much more natural, and your drawing skills will improve as a result. You also want to make sure that you’re capturing as much detail of the object’s outlines as possible. If there’s a notch or a warp in the object, make sure your drawing represents that. Contour art is all about replicating the form of an object as closely as possible. Step 3: Draw Long, Continuous Lines Many people new to contour art begin by drawing lots of short lines because they aren’t used to not looking at their paper, and they don’t want to make too big of a mistake by drawing a long line that doesn’t follow the object’s lines.However, you’ll improve your drawing skills more if you draw fewer, longer lines. Drawing longer lines, especially without looking at your paper, improves your hand-eye coordination and helps you become more confident when drawing. Step 4: Go Slow and Steady It can be tempting to rush through contour drawing exercises, especially if you’re used to drawing detailed pieces where the outline is only the first step. Remind yourself to slow down and concentrate on replicating the outline of the object as perfectly as you can. At the same time, don’t freeze up while you’re drawing. Especially when you first begin contour drawing, you may feel tempted to take breaks to compare your drawing to the actual object. Resist this urge! Remember, you want to spend very little time looking at your paper and more time looking at the object. Just concentrate on closely observing the object, keep drawing steadily, and pause and critique your work once you’ve finished. There’s no â€Å"correct† amount of time to spend on a contour drawing, and it’ll likely depend on what you’re drawing. However, about 5 to 20 minutes per drawing is average. Contour Line Drawing Practice Exercises Now it’s time to put all this new art knowledge to the test! In this section are eight contour line drawing exercises you can do to improve your drawing and observation skills. #1: Make a Contour Drawing of Your Hand If you aren’t sure where to start with contour line art, start with something right in front of you! Hands are a very common object to do a contour drawing of, so once you finish, you can look online or in art books for lots of other examples of contour drawings of hands to compare to your own piece. When you’re drawing, remember to aim to look at your paper only 10% of the time. #2: Copy a Contour Line Drawing by Another Artist If you’re still getting the hang of contour art and are not quite sure how to tackle a real-world object, start by replicating another artist’s contour line drawing. Remember to look more at the object than at your paper, and focus on replicating the lines as closely as possible. #3: Do a Blind Contour Drawing A blind contour drawing means that you don’t look at your paper at allnot even for a single secondfrom the time you begin your drawing until the time you finish. Cover your canvas or sketchpad if you need to.Expect your drawing to look a little funny, especially if it’s your first time doing a blind drawing, but this is a great way to improve those hand-eye-coordination skills and learn to really focus on whatever it is you’re drawing. #4: Draw the Outline of an Object With One Continuous Line This takes the concept of drawing long lines even further. For this exercise, you’ll draw the object in one continuous line, never lifting your pencil from the paper until the outline is complete. Again, these drawings will look strange at first, but as you practice, you’ll improve your drawing skills and your ability to recreate the lines you see in real life. #5: Make Five Contour Line Drawings in Less Than One Minute Each Sometimes you just need a quick exercise to get your creative juices flowing, and contour art, because it doesn’t get into the details of objects, is great for this. This exercise involves drawing five contour line pieces in less than five minutes. You can draw five different objects, draw the same object five times, or a combination. Because you’re only spending a minute on each object, you’ll need to be able to replicate its form quickly but accurately. #6: Draw an Object You Know Really Well Choose something you’re very familiar with, such as a favorite childhood toy, the dresser that you’ve looked at every day of your life, or even a pet or friend, and make a contour line drawing of the object. This may be harder than you think. Because you know the object so well, you may be tempted to add in lots of detail, but remember, contour art focuses on the outer edges of the object. This is a good way to remember what’s important in contour art and what you don’t include. #7: Use Cross Contouring to Add Dimension Cross-contour lines are a way to add depth to your contour drawings without adding shading. To add them, you’ll draw parallel lines that run across the object, similar to those you might see on a topographic map.See examples here. Cross-contour lines will help improve your observational skills and learn more about the rules of perspective by requiring you to pay close attention to the outlines of an object and how the lines run across it. The parts of the object that are closer to you will have cross-contour lines closer together, while the more distant parts of the object will have lines further apart. #8: Draw an Object That's Upside Down Once you’ve gotten the hang of contour line art, try drawing an object upside down! You won’t be able to rely on your memory as much since the object will be flipped, so this will exercise really force you to pay attention to the object’s form as you observe it. Summary: Contour Line Art Contour line definition art is a great way for any artist, whether beginning or advanced, to hone their drawing and observation skills. Contour line drawing involves only drawing the outline of an object, without any shading. When you do contour lines in art, you should spend the majority of the time looking at the object, not your paper, in order to improve your hand-eye coordination and really get a good sense of what the object looks like. Once you feel comfortable with the basics, there are many contour line art exercises you can try out to keep growing your skills! What's Next? Are you making an art portfolio to apply to art schools?Check out our guide to learn everything your art portfolio must include to stand out from the crowd! Now that you know how to create a portfolio, are you wondering what art programs you should apply to? Check out our guide on the best art schools in the United States! Want more drawing exercises? We have a guide with over 100 drawing ideas to keep your artistic skills sharp! Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Christine Sarikas About the Author Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Lord of the Flies Themes, Symbols, and Literary Devices

Lord of the Flies Themes, Symbols, and Literary Devices Lord of the Flies, William Goldings tale of British schoolboys stranded on a deserted island, is nightmarish and brutal. Through its exploration of themes including good versus evil, illusion versus reality, and chaos versus order, Lord of the Flies raises powerful questions about the nature of humankind. Good vs. Evil The central theme of Lord of the Flies is human nature: are we naturally good, naturally evil, or something else entirely? This question runs through the entire novel from beginning to end. When the boys gather on the beach for the first time, summoned by the sound of the conch, they have not yet internalized the fact that they are now outside the normal bounds of civilization. Notably, one boy, Roger, remembers throwing stones at younger boys but deliberately missing his targets for fear of retribution by adults. The boys decide to set up a democratic society in order to maintain order. They elect Ralph as their leader and create a crude mechanism for discussion and debate, designating that anyone who holds the conch has the right to be heard. They build shelters and show concern for the youngest among them. They also play make believe and other games, exulting in their freedom from chores and rules. Golding seems to suggest that the democratic society they create is simply another game. The rules are only as effective as their enthusiasm for the game itself. It is notable that at the beginning of the novel, all the boys assume rescue is imminent, and thus that the rules theyre accustomed to following will soon be reimposed. As they come to believe that they will not be returned to civilization anytime soon, the boys abandon their game of democratic society, and their behavior becomes increasingly fearful, savage, superstitious, and violent. Golding’s question is perhaps not whether humans are inherently good or evil, but rather whether these concepts have any true meaning. While it is tempting to see Ralph and Piggy as ‛good’ and Jack and his hunters as ‛evil,’ the truth is more complex. Without Jack’s hunters, the boys would have suffered hunger and deprivation. Ralph, the believer in rules, lacks authority and the ability to enforce his rules, leading to disaster. Jack’s rage and violence leads to the destruction of the world. Piggy’s knowledge and book learning are proven as to be meaningless as his technology, represented by the fire-starting glasses, when they fall into the hands of boys who do not understand them. All of these issues are mirrored subtly by the war that frames the story. Although only vaguely described, it is clear that the adults outside the island are engaged in a conflict, inviting comparisons and forcing us to consider whether the difference is merely a matter of scale. Illusion vs. Reality The nature of reality is explored in several ways in the novel. On the one hand, appearances seem to doom the boys to certain roles- most notably Piggy. Piggy initially expresses the dim hope that he can escape the abuse and bullying of his past through his alliance with Ralph and his usefulness as a well-read child. However, he quickly falls back into the role of the bullied ‛nerd’ and becomes reliant on Ralph’s protection. On the other hand, many aspects of the island are not clearly perceived by the boys. Their belief in The Beast stems from their own imaginations and fears, but it quickly takes on what seems to the boys to be a physical form. In this way, The Beast becomes very real to the boys. As the belief in The Beast grows, Jack and his hunters descend into savagery. They paint their faces, changing their appearance in order to project a fearsome and frightening visage that belies their true childish nature. More subtly, what seemed real in the beginning of the book- Ralph’s authority, the power of the conch, the assumption of rescue- slowly erodes over the course of the story, revealed to be nothing more than the rules of an imaginary game. In the end, Ralph is alone, there is no tribe, the conch is destroyed (and Piggy murdered) in the ultimate refutation of its power, and the boys abandon the signal fires, making no effort to prepare for or attract rescue. At the terrifying climax, Ralph is hunted through the island as everything burns- and then, in a final twist of reality, this descent into horror is revealed to be unreal. Upon discovering they have in fact been rescued, the surviving boys immediately collapse and burst into tears. Order vs. Chaos The civilized and reasonable behavior of the boys at the beginning of the novel is predicated on the expected return of an ultimate authority: adult rescuers. When the boys lose faith in the possibility of rescue, their orderly society collapses. In a similar way, the morality of the adult world is governed by a criminal justice system, armed forces, and spiritual codes. If these controlling factors were to be removed, the novel implies, society would quickly collapse into chaos. Everything in the story is reduced to its power or lack thereof. Piggy’s glasses can start fires, and thus are coveted and fought over. The conch, which symbolizes order and rules, can challenge raw physical power, and so it is destroyed. Jack’s hunters can feed hungry mouths, and thus they have an outsize influence over the other boys, who quickly do as they are told despite their misgivings. Only the return of adults at the end of the novel changes this equation, bringing a more powerful force to the island and instantly reimposing the old rules. Symbols On a superficial level, the novel tells a story of survival in a realistic style. The process of building shelters, gathering food, and seeking rescue are recorded with a high level of detail. However, Golding develops several symbols throughout the story that slowly take on increasing weight and power in the story. The Conch The Conch comes to represent reason and order. In the beginning of the novel, it has the power to quiet the boys and force them to listen to wisdom. As more boys defect to Jack’s chaotic, fascist tribe, the Conchs color fades. In the end, Piggy- the only boy who still has faith in the Conch- is killed trying to protect it. The Pig’s Head The Lord of the Flies, as described by a hallucinating Simon, is a pig’s head on a spike being consumed by flies. The Lord of the Flies is a symbol of the increasing savagery of the boys, on display for all to see. Ralph, Jack, Piggy, and Simon Each of the boys represent fundamental natures. Ralph represents order. Piggy represents knowledge. Jack represents violence. Simon represents good, and is in fact the only truly selfless boy on the island, which makes his death at the hands of Ralph and the other supposedly civilized boys shocking. Piggy’s Glasses Piggy’s glasses are designed to provide clear vision, but they are transformed into a tool to make fire. The glasses serve as a symbol of control more powerful than the Conch. The Conch is purely symbolic, representing rules and order, while the glasses convey true physical power. The Beast The beast represents the unconscious, ignorant terror of the boys. As Simon thinks, The beast is the boys. It did not exist on the island before their arrival. Literary Device: Allegory Lord of the Flies is written in a straightforward style. Golding eschews complex literary devices and simply tells the story in chronological order. However, the entire novel serves as a complex allegory, in which every major character represents some larger aspect of society and the world. Thus, their behavior is in many ways predetermined. Ralph represents society and order, and so he consistently attempts to organize and hold the boys to standards of behavior. Jack represents savagery and primitive fear, and so he consistently devolves to a primitive state.

Compare between Saudi Arabia and the United States in the concept of Research Paper

Compare between Saudi Arabia and the United States in the concept of the implementation of the provisions of arbitrators - Research Paper Example There are many reasons why parties opt to have their disagreements determined through arbitration, especially when it comes to international matters (Roy 921). Such reasons comprise of the need to avoid the local practices related to lawsuits in national courts, need to obtain a faster, as well as a more efficient verdict, the relative enforceability of arbitral awards and arbitration agreements as compared to national court judgments and forum selection clauses, the profitable expertise of arbitral tribunals, the parties' sovereignty to select and plan the arbitral procedures, discretion and other merits (Roy 921). While arbitration is guided by the UN International Commercial Arbitration Act of 1985, nations have modified the law to come up with their own arbitration laws (Roy 921). The United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany and Saudi Arabia among others, have their own unique arbitration laws, even though they echo some of the provisions in offered in the UN Internatio nal Commercial Arbitration Act of 1985. Saudi Arabia recently (2012) signed into law their new Arbitration Act and the United States has had a law standing on this subject since 1925 that was amended in 2007. This paper will compare between Saudi Arabia and the United States in the concept of the implementation of provisions by arbitrators. Arbitration in the United States Arbitration, in line with the United States law, is a type of alternative dispute resolution, which is a legal option to lawsuits whereby the groups to a dispute concur to submit their relevant positions to a neutral third party for resolution. In reality, arbitration is mainly utilized as an alternative to judicial hearings, especially when the judicial proceedings are perceived as too expensive, slow or inclined to one party (Auerbach 59). Arbitration, in the United States, is also utilized by societies as an alternate for formal law because they either do not have a formal law or the formal law is too harsh (Mc Laughlin 248). Labor arbitration, in the United States, comes in two forms: interest arbitration, which grants a way for settling disputes on the terms to be incorporated in a fresh contract when the groups are not capable of agreeing, along with injustice arbitration, which grants a way for settling disputes over the application and interpretation of a collective bargaining treaty (McLaughlin 248). Provisions to the agreements are not implementable at common law, but once the groups have actually forward a pending disagreement to an arbitrator or an arbitration tribunal, the team’s judgment is typically implementable. The logic for this was that the influence of the arbitrator arose exclusively from the joint consent of the groups to his authority (McLaughlin 249). However, by the moment a disagreement reached the level where one group opted to take it to an arbitrator or an arbitration tribunal, the other normally opted to take the matter to court instead. Therefore, devoid of any the consent of both groups to the arbitrator’s jurisdiction, he/she does not have the power to settle the case (Auerbach 59). Arbitration in the Saudi Arabia Following the heels of the recent reform of the arbitration law in Saudi Arabia, a new law came into effect on the March of 2012 (Cueto 1).